Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Unit-3
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The document is an introduction to research, outlining its definition, need, and various types, emphasizing the importance of a well-structured research design. It details the steps involved in the research process, from formulating a research problem to reporting findings, along with addressing the significance of avoiding plagiarism. The content serves as a guide for B.Pharm students on conducting research effectively.
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Unit-3
- 1. Introduction to Research UNIT – 3 PART - 2 MR. HIMANSHU SHARMA (Asst. Prof) SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY For B.Pharm 4th Year 8th Sem
- 2. What is Research? Research is defined as the search for knowledge. It is defined as a scientific and systemic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, Research is an art of scientific investigation.
- 3. Need for Research The purpose of the research is to discover answer to the question through the application of scientific procedures. The main of the research is to find the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered yet The main need an objective are mentioned:- • To gain familiarity with a phenomenon of a particular, individual situation or group. • To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular, individual situation or group. • To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship b/w variables.
- 4. • Descriptive Research • Analytical Research • Applied Research • Fundamental Research • Quantitative Research • Qualitative Research • Conceptual Research • Empirical Research Types of Research
- 5. Steps in Research Define Research Problems Review Of Literature Methodology Data Collection For Pretest Execution Of Data Collection Analysis Inferences Reporting
- 6. Need for Design of Experiment • There is a need for design of the experiment to have fruitful and well organized research outcome. • Desire to get a research degree along with this consequential benefits. • Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems practical problem initiates research • Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work. • Desire to be of service to society • Desire to get respectability.
- 7. Experimental Design Techniques • Experimental design is a statistical method in which research plans to observe effects of desired on response. • Experimental designer important for determining the cause and effect relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. • The following order concerning worries step provider useful procedure guideline regarding the research process. 1. Formulating the research problem
- 8. Experimental Design Techniques The best way to understand the problem is to discuss with one’s own colleague or with those having some expertise in field. 2. Extensive literature survey After the problem is formulated, a brief summary of it should be written down. 3. Developing the hypothesis After extensive literature survey, researchers should state in clear terms the working hypothesis 4. Preparing the research design The research paper having been formulated in clear cut terms, the researcher will be requires to prepare a research design.
- 9. Experimental Design Techniques 5. Determining the sample design All the items under consideration in any field of inquiry constitute a ‘universe’ or ‘population’. It can be presumed that in such an inquiry when all the items are covered no elements of chance if left and highest accuracy is obtained. 6. Collecting the sample data Primary data and secondary data can be collected either through experiment or through survey By Observation Through personal activities Through telephonic interviews
- 10. Experimental Design Techniques 7. Execution of project Execution of project is a very important step in the research process. If the execution of the project proceeds on correct lines, the data to be collected would be adequate and dependable. 8. Analysis of data After the data have been collected, the researchers turns to task on analyzing them. 9. Hypothesis testing After analyzing the data as stated above, the researchers is in a position to test the hypothesis, if any, they had formulated earlier. Using various tests such as, Chi Square test, T-test, F-test. 10. Generalization and interpretation If a hypothesis is testes and upheld several times, it may be possible for the researchers to arrive at generalization .i.e., to build a theory.
- 11. Experimental Design Techniques 11. Preparation of report or presentation of result Finally, the researchers has to prepare the report of what has been done by them, writing of report must be done with great care, keeping points given in the following. The layout of the report should be as follows The preliminary pages The main text The end part The main text of the report should have the following parts: • Introduction • Summary of findings • Main report • Conclusion
- 12. Plagiarism • Plagiarism is the use of another’s original world or ideas or as though they were your own in other words • Plagiarism is copying information and not giving the author’s credit for it • Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. • Plagiarism is the “wrongful appropriation” and “stealing of publication” of another author’s language thoughts ideas or expression and representation of them as one original work • Plagiarism is not in itself a crime but can constitute copyright infringement.
- 13. THANK YOU