Graphs (Biostatistics)
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The document discusses various statistical graphs and methodologies, including histograms, pie charts, cubic graphs, and response surface methodology (RSM). Histograms are used for organizing and displaying continuous sample data, while pie charts visualize the distribution of data in sectors. RSM aids in optimizing processes influenced by multiple variables and finds applications across several scientific and industrial fields.
Graphs (Biostatistics)
- 2. Presented by-: • 1) Yogesh Pawar • 2) Prashant Jatkar • 3) Gaurav Deshpande • 4) Prashant Ingawale • 5) Krishna Jamdar-Gujarathi
- 3. Graphs • 1)Histogram • 2)Pie Chart • 3)Cubic Graph • 4)Response surface plot • 5)Counter Plot graph
- 4. Histogram • What is Histogram? Histogram is the graphical representation that is helpful to organize and display the data in more user-friendly format. Histogram displays shape and spread of continues sample data. Histogram was first introduced by "Karl Pearson"
- 5. Uses-: • 1) It helps in comparing process with specified limits. 2) It summaries large data. 3) It assists in decision making .
- 6. Pie Chart • What is Pie chart? A pie chart (also called as pie graph or circle graph) makes use of sectors in circle. The angle of sector is proportional to the frequency of data. Pie chart is a good way of displaying data when you want to show how something is shared or divided Formula to determine angle of sector :- Angle of sector = Frequency of data/Total frequency × 360°
- 7. EXAMPLE • In a school, there are 750 students in Year1, 420 students in Year 2 and 630 students in Year 3. Draw a circle graph to represent the numbers of students in these groups.
- 8. SOLUTION
- 9. Graphs of x 3 (cubic graphs) • In mathematics, a cubic graph is defined as a graph with it’s representing equation having it’s degree or it’s highest power three with the general form: y = ax3 + bx2 + c x+ d Where a, b and c are the co- efficents of x3, x2 and x respectively and d is the y-intercept.
- 10. This is a simple Graph of x3 where it’s coefficient is 1 and no other terms are present, including the y-intercept ‘d’. Therefore, this line passes through the origin. Effect of the co-efficient of X3
- 11. Response surface methodology (RSM) • Response surface methodology (RSM) uses various statistical, graphical, and mathematical techniques to develop, improve, or optimize a process, also use for modeling and analysis of problems if our response variables in influenced by several independent variables. • Main objectives are as follow. – Optimize.(main objective) – Develop. – Improve. (if necessary).
- 12. Application The most frequent applications of RSM are in the industrial area. RSM is important in designing formulating and developing and analyzing new specific scientific studying and product. It is also efficient in improvements of existing studies and products Most common application of RSM are in industrial, biological and clinical sciences, social sciences ,food sciences and physical and engineering sciences
- 13. Counter Plot • Are 2-D (X1 & X2) graphs in which some variables are held at one desired level & specific response noted. • Both axes are in experimental units. • Sometimes both the contour & RSM plots are drawn • together for better optimum values.
- 15. Reference • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart • https://www.slideshare.net/
- 16. Thank You !!!!