Introduction to Statistics
- 2. MANGALAM COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Subject : INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS Submitted by : Teena thomas Submitted to: Mrs .Sijji • Class : I B.Ed (development and educational • Option: Mathematics technology) • Roll no:26
- 3. STATISTICS • The word statistics is used in two senses : either to denote numerical data or the scientific study of such data . Though this science makes use of mathematical techniques and computations , it arises from ,and is applied to, practical situations .Because of this ,statistics is considered an independent science ,rather than a branch of mathematics
- 4. FATHER OF STATISTICS • RONALD FISHER • The fundamental principles of statistics were developed by the biologist ,Ronald fisher who lived in England during the last century. His studies in statistics led to the synthesis of Darwins theory of evolution and modern genetics.
- 5. DATA Data is a collection of facts,such as numbers, Words,measurements,observations,or evenjust descriptions of things.Data are two types Primary data and secondary data
- 6. PRIMARY DATA AND SECONDARY DATA • Primary Data : Data collected directly from the source through from the observation or conversation or participation is called primary data • Secondary Data : The data gathered from a source where it already exists is called secondary data
- 7. RANGE OF THE DATA • The difference between the highest and lowest values in the given data is called the Range of data • Range = Highest value – Lowest value
- 8. FREQUENCY • The number of times a value occurs in the given data is called the frequency of that value
- 9. FREQUENCY TABLE A frequency Table is a table that lists items and Uses tally marks to record and show the number of times they occure.
- 12. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA • Bar Graph : A bar graph is a visual representation of data • A bar graph uses bars or rectangles of the same width but different height to represent different values of data
- 13. BAR GRAPH
- 14. HISTOGRAM • Ahistogram is aform of bar graph which is used for continous class intervals • The bars do not have gap between them
- 15. HISTOGRAM
- 16. FREQUENCY POLYGON • Afrequency polygon is formed by joining the midpoints of the adjacent rectangles in a histogram with the line segments
- 18. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY Mean , Median,Mode are three kinds of average Mean :The mean is the average you are used to Where you add up all the numbers and then divided by the number of numbers Median: The median is the middle value in the list of numbers.To find the median your numbers have to be listed in numerical order Mode:The mode is the value that occurs most often
- 19. • The price of one kg rice in seven days is given below • 43,41,42,41,40,44,45 • Which is the mode of the price? • Which is the median of the price? • What is the mean of the price? • The price is ascending order 40,41,41,42,43,44,45
- 20. • Mode = 41 • Median =42 • Mean =296/7 • =42.2857