Lesson-1-Statistics-Types-of-Variable-and-Levels-of-Measurement-Copy.pdf
- 1. Quarter 3 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Agno National High School MARK LEE P. CARRERA A teacher. A learner. Faculty, Agno NHS SHS Department
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS MARK LEE P. CARRERA Special Science Teacher I
- 3. Define a statistics Progress: Learning Objectives! Distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable. Identify the different levels of measurement
- 5. Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
- 6. Functions: • to provide investigation • to find out trends and behavior • to show relations of cause and effect • to show the laws underlying facts and events
- 9. Descriptive Statistics aims to provide the basic characteristics of a data. Inferential Statistics aims to infer or to make interpretations. BRANCHES OF STATISTICS
- 10. DESCRIPTIVE OR INFERENTIAL? 1. The average life expectancy at birth in the Philippines for 2014 is 72.48 years. 2. Taking slimming pills will help you lose weight. 3. The total amount of estimated losses for Typhoon Ondoy is ₱11 Billion. 4. The studies shows that gender is related to excellence in Mathematics. 5. In 2016, the government projects that some 1.2 to 1.6 million students will enter Senior High School.
- 11. VARIABLE
- 12. -used to define certain observable values or characteristics. VARIABLE
- 14. Qualitative Variables descriptive information Quantitative Variables numerical information TYPES OF VARIABLES
- 15. QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE? 1. civil status 2. body temperature 3. predominant hair color 4. highest educational attainment 5. brand of laundry soap being used 6. number of children in the household 7. distance travelled by the teacher in going to school 8. amount spent on rice last week by the household 9. number of decayed teeth per child in elem. school 10.Time it takes standing in queue while waiting to be served by a bank teller qualitative quantitative qualitative qualitative qualitative quantitative quantitative quantitative quantitative quantitative
- 17. Discrete Random Variable ⮚ a variable whose value is obtained by counting. Continuous Random Variable ⮚ a variable whose value is obtained by measuring. CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
- 18. Discrete random variables are ones that have a finite or countable number of possible outcomes (like number of heads when flipping several coins). Continuous random variables are ones that have an infinite or uncountable number of possible outcomes (like your exact speed on the highway). Random Variables
- 20. DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS? 1.body temperature 2.number of children in the household 3.distance travelled by the teacher in going to school 4.amount spent on rice last week by the household 5.number of decayed teeth per child in elem. school 6.Time it takes standing in queue while waiting to be served by a bank teller continuous discrete continuous discrete discrete continuous
- 21. DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS? 1) students’ grade level 2) height of students in class 3) weight of students in class 4) number of students present 5) time it takes to get to school 6) number of red marbles in a jar 7) distance traveled between classes 8) number of heads when flipping three coins
- 22. According to functional relationship: CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLE value to be predicted INDEPENDENT VARIABLE predictor INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT Cause Effect Before After Input Output What you do What happens
- 23. DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT? Complete the following table by writing possible independent or dependent variables. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE Number of hours you study for a test Your test score Number of gallons in your gas tank 1. 2. Your IQ level Number of calories you eat each day 3. 4. Shifting of classes Track/Strand 5.
- 25. NOMINAL -used when we want to distinguish one object from another for identification purposes only. SCALES OR LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
- 26. ORDINAL -data are arranged in some specified order or rank. SCALES OR LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
- 27. INTERVAL -there is fixed beginning. SCALES OR LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
- 28. RATIO -has a value of zero which indicates cases where no quality of variable is present. There is always the presence of unit measure. SCALES OR LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
- 31. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval or Ratio? 1. height 2. religions 3. eye color 4. civil status 5. Fahrenheit degree 6. amount of money 7. Socio-economic level 8. educational attainment 9. letter grades on an English essay 10.IQ level of G11 students as low, average, or high ratio nominal nominal nominal interval ratio ordinal ordinal ordinal ordinal
- 32. Population and Sample Population (N) refers to the totality of observations or elements from a set of data. Sample (n) refers to one or more elements taken from the population for a specific purpose.
- 33. POPULATION OR SAMPLE? 1. The total number of students in a school. 2. A group of 40 patients in a hospital who are given a particular treatment. 3. The ages of all employees of a certain company. 4. The top 50 taxpayers in the Philippines. 5. The list of all the countries in the world.
- 34. Parameter and Statistic Parameter is a numerical measure that describes a characteristics of a population. Statistic is a numerical measure that describes a characteristics of a sample.
- 35. The Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST) surveyed 14 million Filipino adults aged 20 and above and determined that 80% of Filipino adults are at risk of hypertension. Parameter: The percentage of adults at risk of hypertension out of all Filipino adults aged 20 and above. Statistic: The percentage of 80% obtained from the sample of 14 million adults.
- 36. A researcher wants to estimate the average death age of Filipino women in the last decade and from a sample of 100 deaths, he obtained a sample mean age of 73. Parameter: The mean death age taken from the data including all Filipino women who died in the last 10 years. Statistic: The mean age 73 identified from the 100 samples.
- 37. Capvex is a drug used to treat patients with metastatic breast cancer. An oncologist wants to determine the proportion of patients taking Capvex who are healed within 10 weeks. A random sample of 300 breast cancer patients was selected and 250 of them were healed after 10 weeks.
- 39. Identify whether the statement is a parameter or statistic.
- 40. A researcher wants to estimate the average height of women aged 20 years or older. From a simple random sample of 45 women, the researcher obtains a sample mean height of 63.9 inches. 1. The average height of 63.9 inches from the sample of 45 women. 2. The average height of all women aged 20 years or older. statistic parameter
- 41. A nutritionist wants to estimate the mean amount of sodium consumed by children under the age of 10. From a random sample of 75 children under the age of 10, the nutritionist obtains a sample mean of 2993 milligrams of sodium consumed. 3. The mean amount of sodium consumed by children under the age of ten. 4. The mean of 2993 milligrams of sodium obtained from the sample of 75 children. parameter statistic
- 42. Identify the parameter and statistic in the study.