RESEARCH II grade 8 descriptive and inferential statistics Fourth Quarter 2025

Presented by: Raellen A. Regalado
Descriptive and
Inferential
Statistics

Group 1-Hazard
hunters
group 2-fire finders
group 3-risk
reporters
Group Names

Complete Me
Group 1: The simplest measure of variability.
It's the difference between the highest and
lowest values in a dataset.
R 1 14 G 5
● 18

Complete Me
Group 2: It measures the average of the
squared differences between each data point
and the mean (average) of the dataset.
25 A R 9 1 14 C 5
● 1 18
●

Complete Me
Group 3: The square root of the variance.
It provides a measure of the average distance of data
points from the mean, expressed in the original units
of the data.
19 20 A 14 D 1 18 D D 5 22 9 A 20 9 15 14

The mean (X
̄ ) allows for easy
comparison of different groups or
datasets.

1. Mean (Average)
Meaning:
oThe mean is the most common measure of central
tendency. It represents the "average" value of a set
data.
Purpose:
oThe mean provides a single value that summarizes
typical or central value of a dataset.

Meaning:
Variance measures how spread out the data points are from the mean.
A high variance indicates that the data points are widely dispersed,
while a low variance indicates that they are clustered closely around the
mean.
Purpose:
Variance quantifies the degree of variability or dispersion in a dataset.

3. Standard Deviation
Meaning:
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
It provides a measure of the average distance of data points from the
mean, expressed in the same units as the original data.
It is the most common way to express the dispersion of a data set.
Purpose:
The standard deviation is easier to interpret than variance because it's
in the same units as the data.
It gives a clear picture of how much the data typically deviates from the
mean.

headlines/
clips
1-Hazard hunters -
*Stock Market Sees 2% Increase in V
alue
2-Fire Finders -*
Global Temperatures Rise by 1.5 Deg
rees Celsius
"
3-risk reporters -*
Census Shows 15% Increase in City P

Guide questions:
1.How do these numbers impact different areas of
study?
2. How do we use statistics in different subjects?

Learning Objectives
1.Define descriptive and inferential statistics.
2.Distinguish between descriptive and
inferential statistics through examples.
3.Appreciate the practical applications of
statistics in real-world scenarios.

Statistics is a broad field of study that
involves the collection, analysis,
interpretation, presentation, and organization
of data. Essentially, it's about extracting
meaningful information from raw data.

Descriptive statistics is a set of methods
used to summarize and describe the main
features of a collection of data, without
making inferences beyond the data itself. It
focuses on presenting data in a meaningful
way, using measures like averages, ranges,
and visual displays.

Inferential statistics is a branch of
statistics that uses data from a sample to
draw conclusions or make predictions
about a larger population. In simpler terms,
it's about making educated guesses about a
big group based on information from a
smaller part of that group.

●Descriptive statistics
tells you "what is."
●Inferential statistics
tells you "what might
be."

Example:
You have the test scores of your class.
DESCRIPTIVE
You calculate the average score and
make a bar graph of the scores.

What does my
data look like?
How spread out are
the results?
What is the
average?
How often does this
happen?
Descriptive statistics helps to answer
questions like:

INFERENTIAL: You use your class's
scores to predict how well the entire
grade might do on a similar test.
Example:
You have the test scores of your class.

• Goes beyond just describing the
data.
· It uses the data you have (a
sample) to make predictions or
draw conclusions about a larger
group (a population

Example 2:
Identify whether the statement is
descriptive or inferential.
The average height of
students in this class is 5'4

• It tells us the average height of this
specific class.
• It's not making a prediction about any
other class or any other students.
• It's simply a summary of the data we have
right here, in this classroom.

Another example:
Based on this class's average height, we
predict the average height of all 8th
graders in the school is about the same.
Why is this inferential?

It's using the data from our
class to make a prediction
about all 8th graders. That's
inferential statistics

Your turn!
The most common shoe size in the
store is 8.
Distinguish between descriptive and
inferential statistics through example.

It's descriptive. It's just telling us
the most common shoe size in that
specific store.

Scenario: Coastal Clean-up Data Barangay
Rio Tuba

Each group will be given the same
picture to interpret how can they
apply the lesson about descriptive
and inferential statistics.

Group tasks
Group 1: Discuss how the barangay could
use the data to apply for funding for
environmental projects or to implement new
waste management policies.

Group tasks
Group 2: Brainstorm ways they could use
statistics to address other problems in their
community (e.g., traffic congestion, access to
clean water).

Group tasks
Group 3: Create a plan, using the
data that they have learned about, to
help improve their local
environment.

CRITERIA FOR THE ACTIVITY
5 4 3 2
Accuracy All of the
answers are
correct.
Most of the
answers are
correct.
Some of the
answers are
correct.
Few to none of
the answers are
correct.
Presentation The presentation
is very clear.
The presentation
is clear.
The presentation
is somewhat
confusing.
The presentation
is not clear.
Timeliness Finish the work
before time.
Finish the work
on time.
Finish the work
3 minutes after
the time
Finish the work
5 minutes after
the time.
Cooperation All of the
members of the
group are
participating.
Most of the
members of the
group are
participating.
Some of the
members of the
group are
participating.
Few to none of
the members of
the group are
participating.

What core values
can you apply in
the task that you
have done?

Thank you for your
cooperation!
Happy learning everyone!

RESEARCH II grade 8 descriptive and inferential statistics Fourth Quarter 2025

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