Migration statistics in Eurostat - Definition, statistical production and dissemination
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Eurostat collects and disseminates migration statistics from European countries. It defines key migration terms and collects data on migrant stocks, immigration, emigration, and citizenship. Eurostat validates the data and disseminates it through its online database and publications. It is working to improve data quality and integrate migration data from different sources to better measure migration in Europe.
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Migration statistics in Eurostat - Definition, statistical production and dissemination
- 1. Eurostat Migration Statistics in Eurostat Definitions, statistical production and dissemination Giampaolo Lanzieri EUROSTAT
- 2. Where are they produced within Eurostat? Directorate F Social Statistics Unit F1 Social Indicators Project: Labour migration Unit F2 Population and Migration Team: Demography, Migration and Projections Team: Census and Managed Migration Unit F3 Labour Market Project: EU-LFS ad-hoc module on migrants EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat2 - All citizenships - Migration flows - Migrants stocks - Data providers: NSIs - Only TCNs - Asylum, RP, EIL statistics - Integration (shared with F3) - Data providers: Home Affairs Directorate C National Accounts Unit C5 Balance of Payments Project: Personal remittances census data on migrants stocks
- 3. UN definitions EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat 3
- 4. Three EU legislative pillars EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat4 862/2007 Migration 1260/2013 Demography 763/2008 Pop. census
- 5. Who is a 'migrant'? EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat5
- 6. Statistical capture of migration • Usually considered 2 elements to identify a migration: • The crossing of a border (space) • The duration of stay abroad (time) • Often neglected: the timing of the statistical measurement Different implementation of the concept of 'stay' EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat6
- 7. Reporting time and concepts of 'stay' • Reporting time 1 (R1): • the person is included in the migration flow of the year t if the intention of stay is of at least one year • Reporting time 2 (R2): • the person is included if the intention of stay is of at least one year, or considering an actual stay of 6 months + 1 day (most of the year) • Reporting time 3 (R3): • the person is included if the actual stay is of at least one (continuous) year or, in default, based on the intention of stay measured at earlier time EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat7 time 1st half year t+1 2nd half year t+12nd half year t R2 R3R1 arrival
- 8. 'Actual' vs. 'intended' stay • The 'intended stay' should be a proxy of the 'actual stay' used when: • The timing of the reporting does not allow to assess an actual stay of a year (R1 or R2 in the example before) • The data source cannot capture the information on actual stay (e.g., survey of passengers at arrival) • The 'intended stay' avoids the would-be migrant to remain in a 'statistical limbo' for a year EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat8
- 9. The 'risk' of timeliness Increasing need of timely information on 'would-be migrants' Earlier reporting (towards 'real-time') Larger use of 'intention of stay' Higher risk of mismatch 'intended'-'actual' stay EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat9
- 10. Confusing messages • 'Media' language: • arrival = asylum seeker = refugee = migrant = … • 'Statistical' language: • arrival ≠ asylum seeker ≠ refugee ≠ migrant ≠ … • The farther one is from technicalities, the fuzzier become the distinctions Need to use consistent terminology EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat10
- 11. AS&R in migration statistics • Variety of practices across MSs (Eurostat survey 2015) • Recommended practice (consistent with international recommendations): • Inclusion in migration flows/stocks when the actual stay is at least 12 months • Acceptable approximation: inclusion in migration flows/stocks once granted protection ('refugee'), regardless of the length of actual stay EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat11
- 12. Eurostat annual data collections • R1: DEMOBAL (demographic balance) • R2: URESPOP (only UR total population) • R3: NOWCAST (latest monthly data) • R4: UNIDEMO (most comprehensive) • D4: validation/dissemination UNIDEMO EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat12 Q1 time year t R1 R4R2stock R3 D4migration events 31.12 30.6 31.8 year t+1 year t+2 30.11 31.12
- 13. UNIDEMO data collection • Mix of mandatory and voluntary data from 49 countries • Deadline for transmission by the data provider is at the end of year t+1 for: • Migration flows occurred during year t • Migrants stocks at the end of year t (disseminated as stocks on 1.1.t+1) • Dissemination in about 8 weeks • Revisions possible at any time and for any year • Migration data more reliable from 2008 onwards (entry into force of the EU Regulation) EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat13
- 14. Volume of annual migration data FOR EACH COUNTRY Nr of tables Figures collected of which mandatory Migrants stocks 5 35 000 4 000 Immigration 11 102 000 5 000 Emigration 8 95 000 0 Acquisition of citizenship 2 31 000 16 000 Loss of citizenship 1 1 000 0 TOTAL 27 264 000 25 000 EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat14 Total processed figures per year: ≈ 13 millions of which mandatory < 10%
- 15. Data collected on migrants stocks EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat15 Nr of countries having provided data Reference time 31.12.2014 ≡ 1.1.2015
- 16. Data collected on migration flows EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat16 Reference year 2014 Nr of countries having provided data
- 17. Validation • Extensive set of validation rules (cross-checking also with demographic variables) to be met before data transmission to Eurostat is allowed • Additional checks in the production database • Interactive data visualization • Metadata screening • Regular meetings with NSIs (Eurostat WG on Population Statistics) with quality reporting • Every 3 years: official report to EP&C on quality EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat17
- 18. Examples of doubtful cases EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat 18
- 19. Dissemination channels • Direct dissemination: • Eurobase (Eurostat database) • Statistics Explained • News releases • Eurostat publications • Users downloads Jan-Aug 2016: > 860 000 • Indirect dissemination • Open data portals (e.g., EU Open Data Portal) • Re-use by other institutions (publications, et.) EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat19
- 20. Eurostat dissemination policy • All users are treated equitably • Dissemination of statistics in a format convenient for the widest range of users • Custom-designed analyses and extractions are provided when feasible and made public • Access for everyone to the same information at the same moment in time EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat20
- 21. Copyright • Eurostat has a policy of encouraging free re-use of its data, both for non-commercial and commercial purposes. • All statistical data, metadata, content of web pages or other dissemination tools, official publications and other documents published on its website (with some exceptions http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/our- partners/copyright), can be reused without any payment or written licence provided that: • the source is indicated as Eurostat; • when re-use involves modifications to the data or text, this must be stated clearly to the end user of the information. EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat21
- 22. Looking ahead - ongoing projects • Re-engineering of the production system • Improvement metadata dissemination • Estimation of consistent bilateral migration flows / single country estimates • Testing of migration forecasting models • Possibly additional breakdowns / circular migration • Identification best practices in data integration for measuring migration (TF UNECE) • Critical review of population and migration definitions • Inclusion of harmonized migration variables in the core set for EU social surveys EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat22
- 23. Thank you for the attention! Do you wish to discuss it further? You are welcome to contact me at: giampaolo.lanzieri@ec.europa.eu EU Workshop on Migration Data, Ispra, 10 November 2016 G. Lanzieri: Migration Statistics in Eurostat 23