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Basic fundamentals of Mathematics and Statistics
StatisticsOr How to make the numbers say whatever you want.
Why use statistics?Determining the difference between chance and real effects
Over Precise NumbersThe average American sleeps 8 hours a nightThe average American sleeps 8.2 hours a nightThe average American sleeps 8.2339 hours a night
The Right StatisticA person wearing red is 129 times more likely to be gored by a charging bull!
The elusive 'average'133222Mean = 4.8Median = 3Mode = 24427
The elusive 'average'054321Mean = 7.5Median = 4Mode = 2762727
The elusive 'average'1232211Mean = 10.7Median = 2Mode = 1242627
Topics: Basic foundationVariablesMatrixFractions, ratio and proportionSolving equationsGraphsPreparing frequency tablePermutation ,combination, Probability.
Introduction to Statistics5W 1HWhat is Statistics?
When to apply Statistics?
Where to apply Statistics?
Who has contributed      largely to Statistics?-> Which are the different tools of     Statistics?->How to apply Statistics?
Definition of Statistics:A.L. Bowley defined statistics as“Statistics is the science of counting”     “science of averages”Secrist has given a detailed definition of statistics“Statistics are the numerical statement of facts capable of analysis and interpretation and the science of statistics is the study of the principles and the methods applied in collecting, presenting, analysis and interpreting the numerical data in any field of inquiry.”   
        Need of StatisticsTo approve or disapprove any economic theory.To reveal the structure of the economy.To Plan a strategy.To access the success of programmes and policies of the government.
Frequently used Statistical terms:Data
Variable
Population
Sample -> Under Data Collection1)  Primary Data2)  Secondary Data
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Ses 1 basic fundamentals of mathematics and statistics

  • 1. Basic fundamentals of Mathematics and Statistics
  • 2. StatisticsOr How to make the numbers say whatever you want.
  • 3. Why use statistics?Determining the difference between chance and real effects
  • 4. Over Precise NumbersThe average American sleeps 8 hours a nightThe average American sleeps 8.2 hours a nightThe average American sleeps 8.2339 hours a night
  • 5. The Right StatisticA person wearing red is 129 times more likely to be gored by a charging bull!
  • 6. The elusive 'average'133222Mean = 4.8Median = 3Mode = 24427
  • 7. The elusive 'average'054321Mean = 7.5Median = 4Mode = 2762727
  • 8. The elusive 'average'1232211Mean = 10.7Median = 2Mode = 1242627
  • 9. Topics: Basic foundationVariablesMatrixFractions, ratio and proportionSolving equationsGraphsPreparing frequency tablePermutation ,combination, Probability.
  • 10. Introduction to Statistics5W 1HWhat is Statistics?
  • 11. When to apply Statistics?
  • 12. Where to apply Statistics?
  • 13. Who has contributed largely to Statistics?-> Which are the different tools of Statistics?->How to apply Statistics?
  • 14. Definition of Statistics:A.L. Bowley defined statistics as“Statistics is the science of counting” “science of averages”Secrist has given a detailed definition of statistics“Statistics are the numerical statement of facts capable of analysis and interpretation and the science of statistics is the study of the principles and the methods applied in collecting, presenting, analysis and interpreting the numerical data in any field of inquiry.”   
  • 15. Need of StatisticsTo approve or disapprove any economic theory.To reveal the structure of the economy.To Plan a strategy.To access the success of programmes and policies of the government.
  • 19. Sample -> Under Data Collection1) Primary Data2) Secondary Data
  • 21. Different Statistical Software's used in companies:-SASMATLABMINITABR(freely downloadable from net)SPSSSYSTATMYSTAT
  • 22. Limitations Statistical laws are not exact. Statistics measures the variability of a measurement, not the accuracy of a measurement.  Statistics analyses quantitative data. As a matter of fact, qualitative phenomenon like honesty, poverty, beauty, intelligence etc, cannot be expressed numerically and any statistical analysis cannot be directly applied on these qualitative phenomenon. Statistical techniques may be applied indirectly by first reducing the qualitative expressions to accurate quantitative terms. For example, the intelligence of a group of students can be studied on the basis of their marks in a particular examination.
  • 23. LimitationsStatistics table may be misused. The use of statistical tools by the inexperienced and untraced persons might lead to wrong conclusions.
  • 24. Statistics does not give any specific importance to the individual items, in fact it deals with an aggregate of objects. Distribution of Internal Marks will depend on the following:-Attendance in class Test (Surprise & regular) AssignmentsPresentationVivaPaper solving